Täzelikler

The Caspian Sea, rivers, and lakes of Turkmenistan play a strategic role in preserving the nation’s wildlife, serving as vital habitats for hundreds of avian species. Among these critical ornithological sites is Lake Garakol, located within the Magtymguly farmers' association in the Shabat etrap. According to local elders, the area was once a network of small, scattered bodies of water. Today, Garakol and an adjacent smaller lake attract massive flocks of birds year-round, with the wild duck population surging significantly during the winter months.

The natural landscape surrounding Garakol is unique: on one side, the lake is bordered by sand dunes covered in desert vegetation, while on the other, well-maintained agricultural fields stretch into the distance. Local villagers enjoy these picturesque views daily. This remarkable natural site also draws eco-tourists. During regular field visits, experts conduct environmental awareness discussions with citizens relaxing along the shoreline, emphasizing the high ecological value of Garakol and the urgent need to protect its ecosystem.

  Biodiversity monitoring at the lake is conducted on a continuous basis, including during field expeditions by scientists to the country's northern region. Researchers from the Kaplankyr State Nature Reserve provide active support in these efforts. Furthermore, the younger generation is closely involved in these monitoring activities. Recently, a field excursion was organized for students from local Secondary School No. 50. Under the guidance of biology teacher Ogulgozel Amanmyradova, the students observed avian life in its natural habitat. Such field trips are of paramount importance for ecological education and fostering a sense of environmental stewardship among youth.

Scientific surveys conducted in the spring and summer of 2026 confirm the rich species diversity of this local sanctuary. The following species were officially recorded at the lake: the whooper swan, common shelduck, Eurasian teal, red-crested pochard, Eurasian oystercatcher, slender-billed gull, little gull, purple heron, great egret, white-tailed lapwing, black-winged stilt, plovers (Charadrius sp.), European roller, blue-cheeked bee-eater, Eurasian tree sparrow, barn swallow, as well as various other duck and gull species. Majestically positioned near the water's edge, elegant swans were once again observed in the distance.

  A late-afternoon inspection in July revealed that the bird population continues to expand, with various species gathering in large numbers along the shores. During this period, ornithologists also recorded the presence of the little tern, great cormorant, and collared pratincole. Crucially, numerous species were observed with young chicks, indicating successful breeding cycles.

The main sensation of the season was the arrival of the greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) at Lake Garakol—a rare species listed in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan. Local shepherds, who observe the lake's ecosystem daily, were the first to spot the birds. Experienced herder Seyitmuhammet Garajayev informed researchers: "Greater flamingos have appeared on the lake." The livestock breeder's observations were fully validated: upon analyzing detailed long-range photographs, specialists definitively identified these graceful birds. The discovery of flamingos at Garakol represents a major milestone for the scientific community.

In Turkmenistan, flamingos traditionally inhabit the Caspian coast, as well as the Yeraji, Kelif, and Sarykamyssh state nature sanctuaries. The protection of this bird is a global priority. The species is included in the IUCN Red List, Appendix II of the CITES Convention, the Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), and the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA). The study and conservation of their migratory stopover sites are crucial. As shepherd S. Garajayev reported, the flamingos also visited Garakol last year. On hot days, the birds spent hours preening their feathers in the cool inflow where running water enters the lake. This proves that Garakol has transformed into a viable and safe sanctuary for these red-listed flamingos.

  Experts emphasize that the comprehensive study of Garakol’s natural treasures must continue, with maximum involvement of the local population. Prominent ornithologist Eldar Rustamov, writing in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan, stresses that to preserve the flamingo population, it is essential to intensify environmental education, conduct regular bird counts during migration and wintering periods, and organize emergency feeding programs during severe, freezing winters.

The young participants of the school excursion were thrilled by their trip to Garakol. The students expressed immense pride in the natural beauty of their village and declared their readiness to contribute to the preservation of this oasis. In the future, the youth plan to plant new arrays of desert vegetation around the lake to shield this unique habitat and safeguard its rare avian residents.

Head of the Scientific Department of the Kopetdag State Nature Reserve